Tours
Foreward
You can just passively read this document and gain lots of insight into how Ethereum works. The next level of understanding happens when you trace through the source code yourself according to what is written here in GoEthereum Walkthrough. If and when you are ready to do that, read this section. Otherwise, just know that the information for how the walkthroughs were gathered is documented in this section and move lightly along to any of the walkthroughs that interest you.
Don't Try To Use Windows
Don't attempt to use Windows for building or debugging go-ethereum. Even Windows Subsystem for Linux is problematic. Ubuntu and Mac are safe choices, most other Linux distributions are probably equally easy to work with.
Setup
These instructions set up a new private, live Ethereum network with pre-allocated funds in the default account. Because this is a new network, with no previous transactions to load, it boots up immediately. The balance in the default account for this network will be initialized when the genesis block is created. This is the easiest way to set up an account with a non-zero balance.
Because we want to set run a debugger on geth and breakpoints, we must first download the go-ethereum source code, fetch all the dependencies, and build the geth command.
Check out and Build go-ethereum
Ensure that
GOPATHis set:$ echo $GOPATH /home/mslinn/goCreate the directory to hold
go-ethereum. It must be exactly this name:$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum $ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum/Check out
go-ethereum:$ git clone [email protected]:ethereum/go-ethereum.git go-ethereum $ cd go-ethereumThe
go-ethereumproject has aMakefilesomakecan be used to build all the command line programs ingo-ethereum, or selected command line programs. TheMakefilecallsbuild/ci.go, which does not have any documentation or help except that which is shown in thegodoc:The ci command is called from Continuous Integration scripts. Usage: go run build/ci.go <command> <command flags/arguments> Available commands are: install [ -arch architecture ] [ -cc compiler ] [ packages... ] -- builds packages and executables test [ -coverage ] [ packages... ] -- runs the tests lint -- runs certain pre-selected linters archive [ -arch architecture ] [ -type zip|tar ] [ -signer key-envvar ] [ -upload dest ] -- archives build artefacts importkeys -- imports signing keys from env debsrc [ -signer key-id ] [ -upload dest ] -- creates a debian source package nsis -- creates a Windows NSIS installer aar [ -local ] [ -sign key-id ] [-deploy repo] [ -upload dest ] -- creates an Android archive xcode [ -local ] [ -sign key-id ] [-deploy repo] [ -upload dest ] -- creates an iOS XCode framework xgo [ -alltools ] [ options ] -- cross builds according to options purge [ -store blobstore ] [ -days threshold ] -- purges old archives from the blobstore For all commands, -n prevents execution of external programs (dry run mode).You can invoke the command that
make gethactually runs like this:$ build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth >>> /usr/lib/go-1.10/bin/go install -ldflags -X main.gitCommit=e916f9786dd318ec873cab21c8092d4da2c8dd54 -v ./cmd/geth github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/simplelru github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/net/html/atom github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/internal/identifier github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/sha3 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/sys/unix github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/go-stack/stack github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/secp256k1 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/util github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/cache github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/elastic/gosigar github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/comparer github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/storage github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/filter github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/opt github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/golang/snappy github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/errors github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/gopkg.in/karalabe/cookiejar.v2/collections/prque github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/iterator github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/journal github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/aristanetworks/goarista/monotime github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/memdb github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/table github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/mclock github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/randentropy github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/rjeczalik/notify github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/pborman/uuid github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/pbkdf2 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/scrypt github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/gopkg.in/fatih/set.v0 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/internal/browser github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/fdlimit github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/netutil github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/net/context github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/rs/xhandler github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/net/websocket github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/rs/cors github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/bitutil github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/bn256/cloudflare github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/huin/goupnp/httpu github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/bn256 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/huin/goupnp/scpd github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/huin/goupnp/soap github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/huin/goupnp/ssdp github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/net/html github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/transform github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/internal/utf8internal github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/runes github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/internal github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/charmap github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/japanese github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/korean github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/traditionalchinese github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/internal/tag github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/language github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/internal/tracers github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/golang/protobuf/proto github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/gopkg.in/olebedev/go-duktape.v3 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/text/encoding/htmlindex github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/net/html/charset github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/huin/goupnp github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/huin/goupnp/dcps/internetgateway1 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/huin/goupnp/dcps/internetgateway2 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go/descriptor github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/usbwallet/internal/trezor github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/nat github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/karalabe/hid github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log/term github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics/exp github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/fjl/memsize github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/fjl/memsize/memsizeui github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-colorable github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/flock github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/les/flowcontrol github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/golang.org/x/sync/syncmap github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/jsre/deps github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-isatty github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/fatih/color github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/gopkg.in/sourcemap.v1/base64vlq github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/gopkg.in/sourcemap.v1 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/robertkrimen/otto/file github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/robertkrimen/otto/token github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/robertkrimen/otto/ast github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/robertkrimen/otto/dbg github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/robertkrimen/otto/parser github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/robertkrimen/otto/registry github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/robertkrimen/otto github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/jsre github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/web3ext github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/peterh/liner github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/maruel/panicparse/stack github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-runewidth github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/mitchellh/go-wordwrap github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/nsf/termbox-go github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/gizak/termui github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/naoina/go-stringutil github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/naoina/toml/ast github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/naoina/toml github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/ecies github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discv5 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/clique github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/bloombits github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/fetcher github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/usbwallet github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/dashboard github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/downloader github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/filters github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/light github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/whisper/whisperv6 github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/miner github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/gasprice github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/les github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethstats github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/gethmake gethfails under Windows Subsystem for Linux like this:$ make geth build/env.sh go run build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth internal/build/azure.go:23:2: cannot find package "github.com/Azure/azure-storage-go" in any of: /mnt/c/Users/mslin_000/go/src/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/build/_workspace/src/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vendor/github.com/Azure/azure-storage-go (vendor tree) /usr/lib/go-1.10/src/github.com/Azure/azure-storage-go (from $GOROOT) /mnt/c/Users/mslin_000/go/src/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/build/_workspace/src/github.com/Azure/azure-storage-go (from $GOPATH) Makefile:15: recipe for target 'geth' failed make: *** [geth] Error 1No need to do this if debugging from IntelliJ GoLand or IDEA: Build all the tools, but only install
gethin$GOPATH/bin:$ go install -v ./cmd/geth
Create a New Private Ethereum Network
By default Ethereum stores data in a sub-directory of your home directory named
~/.ethereum. So that the data for the private blockchain is distinct from the public Ethereum blockchain, we’ll tellgethto use the~/.gowalkthroughdirectory for data storage.$ geth --datadir ~/.gowalkthrough account new Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password. Passphrase: Repeat passphrase: Address: {c063a7c2c2d7364f3ea2b31b2aecd408a376fd43}The account address of the default account for the Ethereum network defined by
~/.gowalkthroughis stored in the in thekeystoresubdirectory. Here is a bash script that saves the address of the default account in an environment variable calledACCOUNT:$ export ACCOUNT=$( \ cat ~/.gowalkthrough/keystore/* | \ python -c "import sys, json; print json.load(sys.stdin)['address']" \ ) $ echo $ACCOUNT c63c56283afe93fd0094d27890397de08e03ad5aThe configuration file in
~/.gowalkthrough/keystore/has a very long name, for me it wasUTC--2018-06-27T21-35-05.846283500Z--c63c56283afe93fd0094d27890397de08e03ad5a. It is easiest to refer to that file with~/.gowalkthrough/keystore/*, which expands to "all filenames in the~/.gowalkthrough/keystore/directory". Since there is only one file in that directory, this shorthand works fine.A genesis block needs to be created that will be used by the initial set of nodes that will participate in the network. The genesis block is configured via a JSON file, which we'll call
~/gowalkthrough.json. Here is a command line incantation to create that file; note that an initial balance of 42,000,000,000,000,000,000 Wei (equivalent to 42 Ether) is specified for the default account:$ echo "{ \"config\": { \"chainId\": 555, \"homesteadBlock\": 0, \"eip155Block\": 0, \"eip158Block\": 0 }, \"difficulty\": \"20\", \"gasLimit\": \"2100000\", \"alloc\": { \"$ACCOUNT\": { \"balance\": \"42000000000000000000\" } } }" > ~/gowalkthrough.jsonThis is what my
~/gowalkthrough.jsonlooks like:$ $ cat ~/gowalkthrough.json | python -m json.tool { "alloc": { "c63c56283afe93fd0094d27890397de08e03ad5a": { "balance": "42000000000000000000" } }, "config": { "chainId": 555, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0, "homesteadBlock": 0 }, "difficulty": "20", "gasLimit": "2100000" }Initialize the new Ethereum network genesis block with the following command line:
$ geth --datadir ~/.gowalkthrough init ~/gowalkthrough.jsonTypical output is:
INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Maximum peer count ETH=0 LES=100 total=12 INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Writing custom genesis block INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=1 size=149.00B time=121µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=34d0fe…3093f4 INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Writing custom genesis block INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=1 size=149.00B time=159µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [06-27|15:47:52] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=34d0fe…3093f4
Start the New Ethereum Network
You can run the new Ethereum network several ways:
Run the network without debugging
a. Let it run freely
b. Attach to the process remotely.
Under the control of a debugger, which can be a bit complicated, but is necessary in order to set breakpoints and follow along with the walkthrough.
The first option is the simplest: freely run the network without debugging. Let's explore that option first.
Start Without Debugging Enabled
These instructions do not launch a test network, instead, they launch a private, live, full Ethereum network:
$ geth --syncmode full --cache 64 --maxpeers 12 \ --rpcapi --wsapi \ --datadir ~/.gowalkthroughThe
--rcapioption above causesgethto create a file called~/.gowalkthrough/geth.ipc; that file is automatically deleted whengethstops.Typical output looks like:
INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Maximum peer count ETH=0 LES=100 total=12 INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.8.11-stable-dea1ce05/linux-amd64/go1.10 INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough/geth/lightchaindata cache=48 handles=512 INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 555 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: <nil> Constantinople: <nil> Engine: unknown}" INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches dir=/home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough/geth/ethash count=3 INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs dir=/home/mslinn/.ethash count=2 INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash=1749e0…53d783 td=20 INFO [06-27|16:25:39] Starting P2P networking INFO [06-27|16:25:41] UDP listener up net=enode://df1b9c450f2e868a5fc148dbeaa4e2bca5931aadc794878090c6df1c89d53ad1ba4ad7ac58b80e5981e47dd58a093873bf24b32ced60cb5e0cf992f791130ac8@[::]:30303 WARN [06-27|16:25:41] Light client mode is an experimental feature INFO [06-27|16:25:41] RLPx listener up self="enode://df1b9c450f2e868a5fc148dbeaa4e2bca5931aadc794878090c6df1c89d53ad1ba4ad7ac58b80e5981e47dd58a093873bf24b32ced60cb5e0cf992f791130ac8@[::]:30303?discport=0" INFO [06-27|16:25:41] IPC endpoint opened url=/home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough/geth.ipcAbout 3 messages similar to the last one should appear every second.
Debug with GoLand / IntelliJ
StackOverflow has a posting that discusses this.
First make sure you have the latest version, EAP 15, 173.2696.28, and you are using the latest version of Go, 1.9, as that's preferred for a better debugging experience due to the recent improvements in Go with regards to debugging.
Then, go to Run | Edit Configurations | Go Applications | select the run configuration you want to edit | Run kind and change it to
FilefromPackage. Then type the name of the package, for example,github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/gethand save the settings. Then go to Run | Debug... and select the run configuration you've edited previously and select that as a debug run.I've also created a small video which should guide you on how to change the Run kind for a Run Configuration, you can see it here.
Be sure to specify the same command-line options as in the previous section: --syncmode full --cache 64 --maxpeers 12 --rpcapi --wsapi --datadir ~/.gowalkthrough.
Fails Under Windows
C:\Go\bin\go.exe build -i -o C:\Users\mslin_000\AppData\Local\Temp\___geth_server.exe github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/geth #gosetup
C:\Users\mslin_000\go\src\github.com\ethereum\go-ethereum\node\node.go:36:2: cannot find package "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/flock" in any of:
C:\Users\mslin_000\go\src\github.com\ethereum\go-ethereum\vendor\github.com\prometheus\prometheus\util\flock (vendor tree)
C:\Go\src\github.com\prometheus\prometheus\util\flock (from $GOROOT)
C:\Users\mslin_000\go\src\github.com\prometheus\prometheus\util\flock (from $GOPATH)
Attach to a Running geth Process
This is useful to see what geth does in response to various inputs. First, a refresher on the Linux utilities used:
man pgrep describes a useful tool for discovering process IDs.
NAME
pgrep, pkill - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
SYNOPSIS
pgrep [options] pattern
pkill [options] pattern
DESCRIPTION
pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which match the selection criteria to stdout. All the criteria have to match. For example,
$ pgrep -u root sshd
will only list the processes called sshd AND owned by root. On the other hand,
$ pgrep -u root,daemon
will list the processes owned by root OR daemon.
pkill will send the specified signal (by default SIGTERM) to each process instead of listing them on stdout.
strace -fp <pid> connects to all existing threads
The strace command's -p option accepts a comma-separated list of pids. The following incantation uses pgrep and paste to create that list, and captures system calls from all threads within the process.
sudo strace -t -p $(ls /proc/$(pgrep geth)/task -1 | paste -sd "," -) \
-o geth.strace
The file geth.strace will contain something like:
strace: Process 23019 attached
strace: Process 23020 attached
strace: Process 23021 attached
strace: Process 23022 attached
strace: Process 23023 attached
strace: Process 23024 attached
strace: Process 23025 attached
strace: Process 23026 attached
strace: Process 23027 attached
strace: Process 23028 attached
strace: Process 23029 attached
strace: Process 23030 attached
strace: Process 23031 attached
strace: Process 23032 attached
strace: Process 23033 attached
Attach a JavaScript Console
In another terminal console, start a JavaScript console that connects to the above running
gethinstance with this incantation:$ geth attach ~/.gowalkthrough/geth.ipc Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! instance: Geth/v1.8.11-stable-dea1ce05/linux-amd64/go1.10 coinbase: 0xd1c037b9d67b8b0af6003cfaa6951adfa1f67d89 at block: 0 (Wed, 31 Dec 1969 16:00:00 STD) datadir: /home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0 >Run the following JavaScript commands to create the default account; notice its balance is 42 Ether:
> personal.newAccount() Passphrase: Repeat passphrase: "0xbc2dba1e18dd874707c4e495b139138d050a5846" > web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase), "ether") 42 > TODO write me
Shut Down
Press Ctrl-C in the first terminal console to terminate
geth. Output generated bygethas it shuts down will look something like:INFO [06-27|13:39:03] IPC endpoint closed endpoint=/home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough/geth.ipc INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Writing cached state to disk block=46376 hash=7efacc…f41d6c root=d4e03e…041271 INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=283 size=49.29kB time=9.335ms gcnodes=1617 gcsize=407.84kB gctime=77.473ms livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Writing cached state to disk block=46375 hash=83aa1c…be0d26 root=d4e03e…041271 INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=24µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Writing cached state to disk block=46249 hash=b4cdf5…f24d50 root=d4e03e…041271 INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=9µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Blockchain manager stopped INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Stopping Ethereum protocol WARN [06-27|13:39:03] Synchronisation failed, retrying err="header processing canceled (requested)" INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Ethereum protocol stopped INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Transaction pool stopped INFO [06-27|13:39:03] Database closed database=/home/mslinn/.gowalkthrough/geth/chaindataPress Ctrl-D in the JavaScript console to exit.